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The gross public debt (government, social security and local authorities) continues to rise. At the end of the third quarter, gross debt under the Maastricht amounted to 1457.4 billion, up from 29.4 billion the previous quarter, according to figures published by INSEE on Tuesday. "Expressed as a percentage of GDP, it is approximately 75.8%, up 1.9 points," says the National Institute of Statistics. In the second quarter, the debt had reached 73.9% of GDP.

The increase over the period, less than that observed in the second quarter (61.1 billion euros), was driven in particular by the increase in debt of the state. To finance the budget deficit, the state has cut its debt of 23.4 billion euros.The debt has also funded a stake in the Company making state participation in a French bank, Cr?dit Agricole 3 billion, INSEE said.

The social security funds have also contributed to the increase in gross public debt to the tune of 5.9 billion euros, "particularly as a result of increased indebtedness of the ACOSS (3, 9 billion euros), "details the INSEE.

The government has included in his bill to finance the debt was still progress to 77.9% of GDP at the end of the year. In 2010, it expects debt to 84% of GDP, without taking into account the large loan.

Moreover, net public debt, which includes cash and short-term is highest increase over the period, the gross debt.It was heavy with 57.1 billion euros over the second quarter, rising late September to 1331.5 billion. In case a "sharp decrease in cash of the State (-28.3 billion), returning to a level close to that of a year ago," said INSEE.

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Donor associations to support innovation through investment, are multiple ways to reduce taxes. It exists in all twenty-eight provisions for entitlement to tax reduction and five, along with a tax credit. Some of them, especially heavy, can hardly be implemented before the end of the year. However, for latecomers, here's ten tracks explore before December 31 to reduce your next tax (1).

1 – Make donations to associations

It is very easy to reduce taxation by being generous. Donations to associations or organizations for aid to individuals qualify for tax reductions: 75% of payments made to organizations that assist people in difficulty (capped at 510 euros). For other donations, public organizations, for example, 66% of payments will be deductible up to 20% of taxable income.On the income statement, it suffices to mention the donations in the box UD (asssocaitions providing housing or meals) and the UF box for all other institutions.

2 – Prepare your retirement

Think of his old age is also a way to reduce the tax bill. The tax incentive savings plan retirement populaire (PERP) allows employees to accumulate savings for their retirement. Money deposited in this area may indeed be deducted from total income in respect to a ceiling that appears on the last tax assessment. For example, an employee whose marginal tax bracket is 30%, which is investing 100 euros on the PERP, save 30 euro tax. At the time of retirement, the savings will be restored as an annuity.

"About the PERP

3 – Helping innovative companies

By participating in a common fund for investment in innovation (FCIC) or an Investment Fund proximity (FIP), you can reduce your taxes. Your shares are eligible for a tax reduction of 25% of the amount subscribed, capped at ? 12,000 (single) or 24,000 euros (couple). Most major banking networks selling such products. Units must be kept for at least 5 years.

4 – Investing in French cinema

And why not support culture? The capital of Sofica (Society for the financing of film) qualifies for a tax reduction of 40% or 48% if certain conditions are met. The basis for calculating the reduction is limited in the double limit of 25% of total net income and 18,000 euros.It should move towards a service asset management of a bank or a specialized firm, the product remains quite rare and confidential. Securities purchased must be conversation 5 years.

5 – Investing in forestry

Soaring prices facing the forest for 3 years makes it a very interesting investment. Especially since the sales or purchases of shares of forestry groups qualify for a tax reduction of 25% calculated on an annual ceiling of 5,700 euros (single) or EUR 11,400 (couple). Units must be held 8 years.You can also invest directly in land acquisition in natural woods and forests and barren land to be afforested (within 3 years), to establish a management unit of at least 5 hectares in a single taking.

Subsequently, and subject to achieve a management unit of at least 10 hectares in one piece, you can receive a tax cut for forest 25% of annual expenditure capped at 6,250 euros (single person ) or ? 12,500 (couple). Warning, you must agree to retain the land for 15 years and to apply a management plan approved by the Regional Center Property Forest.

6 – Benefit of tax credits for your work

All those who are reluctant to work in their primary residence may be motivated by thinking of the tax credit they will receive.Insulation work, installation of devices to control heating, condensing boiler or heat pump are eligible for tax credits. The work must be performed by a professional who can provide information on the characteristics of the equipment to receive the credit calculated at 25%, 40% or 50% of the amount and nature of expenditure (excluding labor, except for insulation).

Warning: This tax credit is characterized by a multi-year ceiling of 8,000 euros (single) or 16,000 euros (couple) plus ? 400 per dependent, ceiling covering all expenses paid in 5 consecutive years between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2012. This tax credit was extended to expenses paid by the owners for their commitment to housing rent naked as a principal residence for at least 5 years.

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7 – Subscribe to capital for SMEs

You have a friend or relative who wants to create or strengthen the equity of a company. Your subscription to the capital you will receive a tax reduction of 25% ceiling on payment of 20,000 euros (single) or EUR 40,000 (couple). If your purchase exceeds those limits, the excess is reported in the same limits on the following 4 years.

8 – Doing work in bare ownership

Your parents have proceeded to share their property and you are bare owner of the house they occupy as usufruct. If you make major repairs in this house, you can deduct from your total income to a maximum of 25,000 euros with the possibility of deferral of excess expenditure over 10 years.If you take out a loan and that you have income from property, interest will be deducted from the said land revenue.

9 – Focus on real estate rental

The devices' depreciation Robien refocused and Borloo "will no longer apply to new houses acquired from 01/01/2010. It is still possible to opt for these devices if the act of purchase is signed before December 31, even if the delivery takes place later (acquired in the future state of completion).

On the device "Scellier, the draft Budget Act 2010 should tighten the conditions for applying a reduced advantage for purchases of homes for rent that would not meet the standard" Building Low Energy Consumption "(BBC ). The rate reduction should be reduced to – 20% for dwellings built or acquired in 2010, and – 15% from 2011.For homes purchased or built in 2009, the rate reduction, 25% will be maintained. For homes respecting the BBC's standard rates, tax cuts remain unchanged, ie 25% in 2010 and 20% in 2011 and 2012. Very interesting for tax exemption, the accumulation of Scellier Robien and should be considered in certain cases. So why give up when you can combine the devices?

10 – Have the reflex Internet if not already

If for 2009 you decide first to declare your return electronically, you will be allocated a tax cut to 20 euros.Having paid your third-looking check does not prevent the reduction provided that you agree with the declaration in line with the deadlines set by the following levies or electronically.

(1) Caution: the tax benefits mentioned (except the bare ownership) are capped at 25,000 euros plus 10% of net taxable income subject to progressive rates.

"Read the special dossier Taxation 2009

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Morel Gervais is co-author of "Taxation, investment and tax cuts" (Ed UK.gif Edition).

At approximately 9:10 am, the CAC 40 rose 0.32% to 3910 points, after already accumulated a gain of 2.70% since Monday. The index reached its previous meeting in the highest annual stood at 3918 points, while socializing with 3923 points.

The rally bullish year end is continuing on the European and U.S. indices. Yesterday, the publication of a further rise in housing resales (+7.4% in November) in the United States has reassured investors on the takeover of the U.S. real estate.This is the seventh month of increase over the past eight months.

On the macroeconomic front, the United States publish the expenditure and income of households in November at 14h30, the index of consumer confidence in Michigan in December and new home sales in November to 16 hours, and oil stocks weekly at 16:30.

Values follow

According to the newspaper Le Figaro, Veolia ally himself with the Italian railway company Trenitalia to launch TGV from France in 2012 to compete with the station.

The French government has selected BAE Systems to deliver an order of military vehicles in an amount of 246 million euros at the expense of Thales, according to The Times.

Maurel & Prom has announced the successful tests on the exploration well OMGW-1 (Gwedidi-1), located in Gabon, on the exploration permit Omoueyi.

The sales group Ares appears to 34.8 million euros over the first six months of fiscal 2009-2010.

Sanofi-Aventis would consider acquiring a stake in the Danish biotech company Zealand Pharma.

EDF could open the French market for electricity in Russia's Gazprom by Voices. "Gazprom will supply gas and electricity recovery in Europe," according to an anonymous source.

Orange, SFR and Bouygues Telecom will now share the telephony market with a fourth mobile operator. Free, a subsidiary of Iliad, has won the fourth license enforced through Arcep cons 240 million euros. Free file has been evaluated using several criteria, the most important being the "coherence and credibility of the project" and the "coverage territory", according to the release of the Regulatory Authority.In exchange, the news was very well received as evidenced by the share price Iliad, the parent of Freer, earning 3.38% to 83.49 euros.

"The arrival of this new actor should have a positive effect on the dynamic market of mobile telephony and, more generally, should be a positive factor for the development of electronic communications services," said the Authority has long criticized the lack of competition in mobile telephony.

Free operator had made known in 2003 by "breaking" the prices of holidays, being the first in France to offer a triple play (phone / internet / TV) for less than 30 euros, forcing competition to align its rates. A floor rate which was recently taken down by Numericable, then taken to account by the con own subsidiary of Iliad, Alice.

Free "undertake (…) to open its mobile network commercially within two years after the issuance of the permit and to cover the next eight years, at least 90% of the population by its 3G network." In other words, the subsidiary of Iliad should offer its new phone packages as early as January 2010, the official date of award of the license, and no later than early 2012.

After rising prices of cafes and restaurants in November and revealed Tuesday by INSEE, they were not going to Bercy auspiciously. Yet, while recognizing that these figures are not up to the commitments, Herve Novelli has not enjoined Tuesday to go further in the final statement he prepared to lower the VAT in catering. Aware of the difficulties of independent schools, the secretary of state for trade and was merely asking restaurants to moderate their rate increases at inflation for the year 2010.

The prices charged by restaurants and cafes have indeed increased by 0.1% in November, according to Insee, an increase equivalent to that recorded by all consumer prices.A study of services Bercy, 55% of restaurants only have indeed lowered their prices in line with commitments made in consideration of the reduction in VAT. In total, since 1 July 2009, a rate cut by the restaurants alone amounts to 1.41%, while that seen in cafes amounted to 0.95%, INSEE showed. These figures are actually far from the 3% who had committed coffee shops since July.

If the price cuts and hiring remain "midway" of stated goals, Herve Novelli Welcomes however, the wage agreement reached Monday by the social partners in the sector.Described as "historic" for the many benefits it provides to employees – annual premium of 500 euros, two days of additional leave, starting salary grid systematically 1% above the minimum wage … – it remains fragile, the main employers' organization has so far refused to sign.

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After several weeks of reflection, the verdict has finally fallen on the new method of fixing gas prices. The Ministry of Economy, which was to maneuver, just send the document to refer to the Regulatory Commission of Energy (CRE), for entry under the next year, after the publication of a decree .

The government, which ruled until then every three months on possible changes in gas prices, trying to remove a little of the game, at least in appearance. It will no longer once per year, one component of overall framing of the price curve of the molecule. This scheme seeks to prevent the State to meet in full psychodrama whenever Bercy opts for a rise in gas prices.

So now the company, GDF Suez, which will seize the regulator for a rate increase.Which regulator, after watching whether the incumbent's request is consistent with the pricing formula, make a binding opinion. Until now, the opinion of the CRE in the record setting gas prices was only advisory. In the new scheme, the Commission will therefore pose a greater weight.

However, uncertainties remain. In particular, what happens if gas prices are indexed on oil prices should fall? In the reference document, it is not called GDF Suez to decide in what direction. Similarly, it does not ask the regulator to pressure the company to obtain a reduction in charges.

"Let's just common sense: since oil prices are public, they bend permanently, GDF Suez will be forced to seek lower fares.Or the group will draw the wrath of both consumers and government, "says an industry expert.

Psychodrama

So much for the new scheme, at least in theory, developed by the government with the approval of other partners, beginning with GDF Suez. It remains now to see how it will apply in practice. It is hard, in fact, the government remain inactive in the face several repeated hikes in gas prices. Especially during elections, where the energy bill is regularly found in the heart of debates.

In short, despite government efforts, it is feared that this new device does not put an end to psychodramas on gas prices.

In the duel that pits the Air Europe to the United States, the advantage after the first eleven months of 2009, returns to the Old Continent, represented by Airbus. The aircraft manufacturer, the main division of European aerospace group EADS said Thursday it had recorded 225 orders since the beginning of the year and suffered 31 cancellations, a total of 194 net orders. On the side of Boeing, announced on November 24 last a net balance of 91 commands. The American group, behind more than two years on its proposed 787 (or Dreamliner) had received 204 orders in the first 11 months of the year but suffered 111 cancellations, all fleets.

The initial objective of Airbus, which was to achieve a balance in late 2009 from 300 gross orders, however, should not be reached. The exhibition in Dubai, held in November, has enabled the aircraft manufacturer to fill its order book.From January to November, Airbus announced that he had delivered 437 aircraft and is still on a table delivery of 490 aircraft, is about the same as last year. Until now, seven models of the A380 superjumbo has been delivered while the group still hopes to deliver 13 jumbo versions of their own this year. But he admitted that one or two deliveries could occur in early 2010.

The overall ceiling of tax loopholes Will it be lowered? The UMP general rapporteur of the Committee on Senate Finance, Philippe Marini, filed an amendment to that effect to the draft budget for 2010. He wants the overall cap, currently 25 000 plus 10% of income goes to 20 000 plus 8% of income. "The expected savings for the state are not huge. But this measure reflects our desire to limit the tax loopholes, "says Philippe Marini. And the senator also wants reform of the Scellier back to the original text submitted by the cabinet in September. The government had planned to turn green when the device supporting the rental investment, making it less attractive for homes not meeting the standard "low consumption". But the National Assembly had then reduced the impact of greening.However, Philippe Marini supports the amendment adopted by the Assembly of taxation benefits and work accidents. And he does not wish to return, for now, on the measures which the Assembly amended the tax shield (100% inclusion of dividends in the income deficit due one year on average). The question now is what will decide the Finance Committee on Tuesday and above all sitting senators. For his part, the president of the centrist finance committee, Jean Arthuis, will introduce his amendment removing the TFR, all being funded by the end of the tax shield, creating a sixth installment of income tax and higher taxes on capital income. Without any illusions about his fate.